It is not just the structural aspects. Two parts Urethane foam - if sold by reputable company - has been test according to the Coast Guard Regulation # 33 CFR 183.114. This means that this specific foam has been tested for so many aspects that relates to marine and boat use.
For example, Extruded Polystyrene Foam (XPS) (a.k.a blue board or pink board) is not tested for fuel or solvents resistance. While the two parts marine foam is tested for fuel and solvent resistance; even Acetone doesn't impact it.
Also, the the XPS board in home improvement stores are not designed to provide flotation and there is nothing in the datasheets about their buoyancy at all. Of course the buoyancy can be tested and determined but the product was designed for it to begin with. It was just designed to stay still between studs and provide insulation proportion to its R-Value.
Dow makes a specific product for flotation called Styrofoam Buoyancy Billets with a stated buoyancy of 55 Ib/sf under ideal conditions but with more practical agreed upon value of 48Ib/sf. 2 parts Polyurethane expandable foam is tested at 60Ib/sf
At the end of the day, my goal is not to promote a product and debunk the other. The debated point I responded to before was that the two products are equivalents.
My point is they are not and this is not necessarily a bad thing. As long as the boat owner is well informed about the advantages and disadvantages of each product, he/she will be able to make the right decisions on how to deploy them into the design based on their characteristics and the situation needs.
The right decision still could be using the blue board (maybe to compensate for another design goal, provide drain channels for instance) and work around the disadvantages somehow (like beefing up the hull a little with an extra layer of 1708 if needed or using a two parts expandable foam where is no draining issues to worry about)