I bought a 1983 boat that has a Chevy 350 5.7 long block 4 bolt main in it. Can I replace it with the same motor out of a car?
you can replace the motor from one out of a truck.
however you are only using the short block and heads.
being an 80's vintage, you will need to replace the steel core plugs with brass or stainless, the head gaskets with marine friendly head gaskets. then you need a marine circulating pump and the accessories, ignition, fuel system, alternator, etc. from your old marine motor.
suggest new exhaust manifolds and elbows.
I would look for a 1986 or later block myself (1-piece RMS) and upgrade to vortec heads at a minimum if you have to swap the motor.