I was cleaning the line to the speedomoter on the lower unit with compressed air and the straw dropped in the hole. Will this hurt the lower unit or come out when ran?
Your speedo won't work anymore but that isn't actually connected to the lower or it's internals, it is just hole, find the bottom of the hole and try to push it back up to where you can grab it.
No worries about the lower unit. The speedo connection is an isolated port.
On the leading edge of the lower unit about half way down there will be a small notch/hole. Blow compressed air into this hole and the straw should pop back up and out.