Re: lower unit problem on a 57 jhonson
Sounds like your props hub may be spun.
Draw a line across the hub and prop, or use the cotter pin as a center line. Run the motor until you hear it 'surge', then pull it out. If the lines are no longer lined up, the hub is spun and will either need to be rebuilt, or you will need a new prop if your current one is in poor condition anyways.
I recommend the new 2 piece props that are out now, so the if the hub spins again, or you damage the blades of the prop, you can simply buy the specific item rather than the entire assembly.