Educate me again on prop efficiency

WSKIPPER

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1989 Searay 250 da cruiser... 5.7 mag 4bbl repower... 1.50 ratio 17 pitch 3 blade stainless...got a chance to run my newsed boat this week-end:happy: after putting the stock 1.50 ratio upper on in place of the 1.84 someone installed prior to my owning, and found my 19 or 21 pitch 4 blade Solas Amita's too heavy on pitch for recommended RPM of 46 to 48 hundred WOT...I found the prev owners original prop hidden away inside:), which was a 17 pitch ss 3 blade...installed it and the boat comes close to recommended rpm's now, but is still 3 to 4 hundred shy from specs.....Loaded with 100 gal fuel...30gal water and 2 people...avg gear...she seems to be close to 1 to 1 almost... 35mph at 3500 rpm's...36 at 36...37 at 37...and so own til she tops at 42 to 42.5mph at 4200 to 4300...(GPS)...I can't get 4400 without venting the prop just a tad...she seems plenty fast enough at this speed and seems to run almost 1 to 1 at most any setting of throttle down to 28mph at 2800 rpm's before feeling sluggish or adding tabs to maintain plane...should I leave it alone or re-prop to get that 3 to 4 hundred missing rpm's at wot...with 4 more adults in the rear and same load it planes much much slower unless you add tabs...I also liked the smoothness of the 4 blade vs the 3 blade when planing...so...3 blade 15 pitch ss or 4 blade 15 alum Solas..educate me again please...Thanks...Bill
 

achris

More fish than mountain goat
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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Hi Bill. You do need to get those revs up into the 4400-4800 range (or you'll end up detonating a piston or 3, and that's also why the boat feels like a dog at the lower speeds.). That will mean going to a 15" prop. However, as prop pitch drops, the efficiency also drops. You do have an option here, and it's one I would take. Re-gear. Put the 1.84:1 drive back on and a 19" prop on. I would also discard the Solas props. They are known to be very inefficient, stick with the Merc/Quicksilver. That would put the engine in the right rev range and give you WOT revs of around 4600... and a top speed of around 40-41 knots (47mph). (I like knots because it's the only proper nautical unit for speed, and is derived from nautical miles, the only proper measure of distance on the water).....

I also agree with you about the smoothness of a 4 blade (I currently looking for a good second hand 4 blade SS for myself... They are particularly hard to find here)... BUT, a 4 blade will drop your top speed. More blades = less efficiency... Also be careful finding a 4 blade. Many of them are bigger diameter and that means they will tend to hold the bow up as you transit crests.. Some boats need that, mine doesn't, and tends to slam on the way down. The 4 blade 'Offshore' series (now replaced by the 'Vensura') has the same diameter as the aluminium 'Black Max' and the SS 'Vengance' series 3 blade props. There is also a 4 blade Aluminium prop that Merc make, an 'Alpha 4', but that comes in even numbered pitches. If you go for that one, use 18". It will push the revs up about 100RPM, and that is only a good thing. My engine would top out at around 5200 with the current prop (17") if I let it. I have put the next prop up (19") on and I just don't like the way the boat performs with it, it's much more driveable with the 17".... JMHO

Chris..
 

nola mike

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Chris, could you explain (or link to) the relationship between prop size and gear ratio? For instance, I currently have a 1.98 ratio drive with a 21" (or is it 23?) prop. RPMs are the same as with a 1.84 and 17". How does this affect performance?
 

steelespike

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

at 4800 the 1.98 21"10% slip does 43.7, at 4800 the 1.84 17" 10% slip = 37.8 The 17 should produce stronger holeshot.
Numerically higher pitch will usually spin a bigger prop.Assuming physically the same gear case these numbers might run on the same series of props but a pitch or so off.The 1.84 giving up to a lighter pitch as the boat size/load increases.
 

WSKIPPER

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Thanks achris for the reply...it does give me a better understanding with such variables involved...but yes...not knowing how it would perform stock,I had to satisfy myself by replacing the upper ratio to 1.50...now that I've done so I agree with what your saying...I think the overall performance was better through out all ranges with the 1.84 19 4 blade combo if I remember correctly...and you could touch 5000 at mid to upper trim...and the boat was a bit smoother somewhat...lighter feeling...I still have the 1.84 and will swap them out to compare again...should have taken better notes but I was certain stock would suffice overall..I have no way of knowing how or why, but 1.84 was on there when I got it and no chance of nothing more than a waterhose test and visual before purchase...I've learned lots since reading here about mercruiser and continue reading and learning...Thanks again for the reply...and the reasoning for using knots...makes perfect since..I'll report back my findings but I'm confident the 1.84 was a bit better overall for my preference even though a tad slower at wot as you stated...good way to describe the difference btw....Quote "it's much more driveable"......Bill
 

achris

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Chris, could you explain (or link to) the relationship between prop size and gear ratio? For instance, I currently have a 1.98 ratio drive with a 21" (or is it 23?) prop. RPMs are the same as with a 1.84 and 17". How does this affect performance?

The way I do the calculations is quite simple. If you are changing from a 1.5 to a 1.84 ratio then the ratio of the change is 1.84/1.5, which equals 1.227. Take that number and multiple it with the current prop size. He was using a 17" but that was still too big, so a 15" would have gotten him in the 4600-4700 range. So, 15" times 1.227 = 18.4, and since the nearest prop is a 19", that would be the right prop to put with the 1.84 on that set-up....

For you... Changing from 1.98 to 1.84 is a ratio change of 0.93. Your 21" prop times .93 is 19". If you needed to drop to a 17" prop then one of 3 things is happening. 1. The new ratio was not 1.84, but 1.65. 2. The props are not the same 'family'. One could be a Vengance and the other a Mirage for example. 3. The prop sizes have been mis-read....

Chris..........
 

WSKIPPER

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Thanks for posting that info achris....I cleaned and prepped it today for re-install this week...I feel you're dead on for what I'm looking for in performance.....Bill
 

WSKIPPER

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Well dodging the rain and finally getting to the pond,I reinstalled the 1.84 and 19 4 blade and off we went for a spin...immediately the feel was light and spunky compared to the 1.50 and 17 3 blade combo...I could hit the rpm limiter's with ease though...changed to a 4 blade 21 and it was better at wot rpm's but I could still reach the limiters...52...53 hundred rpm...low speed and planing was still good..the boat seems so much better as to planing and driveability as achris stated...my top end was the same with the 4 blade 21 as the 3 blade 1.50 17 pitch combo was at 4200... With a slight reduction in throttle to 4900 to calm me and the over-revs...37 /38 knots trimmed neutral could be obtained before running out of throttle...my guess would be that the engine would turn approx 5300 at wot if the over-revs didn't catch it..would a 23 pitch be stellar?...24?...Stainless...Aluminum..she for sure ain't lugging with this set-up and overall performance with this 1.84 out-drive combo over the 1.50 is great minus wot rpm's....I've found a lot of new and used props in the range I'm needing,but my lord the different types...Laser...Mirage..vented...etc..I could live with 5000wot, but them over-revs make me cringe a bit...would a 5 blade be better and even smoother?...Bill
 

achris

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Bill,

Your 19" and 21" 4 blade props, Merc? If they are Solas you'll find they are way inefficient. They have HUGE amounts of slip, very poor design. See if you can find a 19" 'Laser II' prop. If you like the 4 blades, look for a 19" 'Vensura' or 'Offshore' (SS) or 'Alpha 4' (Ali).

Chris......
 

WSKIPPER

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Thanks achris...they are Solas Amita's...2 questions...if I find a 3 blade Laser II..pitch would be?...and will a Yamaha/Evinrude prop fit my Alpha 1?...all I have close to me is a Yamaha/Evinrude dealer...Thanks again...Bill

Edit..the Alpha 4 aluminum is not available in 19 according to my findings...will 20 pitch be too much...or go to 18...
 

nola mike

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Not sure if I'm hijacking this thread...
But I'm actually not certain what the pitch was on my 1.84--might have been 19". Either way, the way I'm propped now with a 1.98 gives me similar top speed and WOT RPMs as the prior setup. My question was more hypothetical. That is, at a given engine rpm, is there a difference in performance between using a higher ratio/bigger prop v. a lower ratio/lower prop? The bigger prop is spinning faster, so maybe more inefficient if the slip stays the same--but IDK if that's true or not. Or put another way, is there any disadvantage to using a different drive ratio if you're able to size the prop such that you get recommended WOT rpms (and therefore the same engine load)?
 

jestor68

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Bill,

Your 19" and 21" 4 blade props, Merc? If they are Solas you'll find they are way inefficient. They have HUGE amounts of slip, very poor design.

Chris......
I think that if you talk to the engineers at Honda, Yamaha, and some other OEM manufacturers (who trust Solas to make their props), you will hear different opinions concerning the design, quality, and efficiency of Solas props.
 

WSKIPPER

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

No hi-jack nola...but yea,great question...my thoughts exactly...I was thinking that maybe you can put the v-6 unit behind a v-8,but you may have trouble going the other way...v-8 unit behind a v-6...IDK...lol....but I'm learning lots here and feel I'm getting the right info ...kinda...sorta..and that doubt being directed at what jestor68 stated....Solas seems to be in a lot of places and you do get lots of review info if you search...I'd say my findings have been neutral...which leads me to ask the same type question as jester...how?...they are sold here and I own 2 of um...the quality looks great but my knowledge on performance of anything sterndrive is minimal at best...but achris is dead on with my scenario...and he's never been on my boat...so I respect his knowledge and info given...that's exactly what it seems like...more slip than bite..especially when planing....if I ease the throttle up... it planes much better over the other set-up...effortless almost ...smooth....no vibration...compared to the 3 blade set-up...but until it lays flat the slip seems to be a bit high....much like cavitation would be if you trim to high...although it's tucked all the way under and is not venting...the results were the same if you left the trim neutral to the boat bottom...no negative tuck...all I seen different planing at this setting was higher bow lift...but the "slip" seemed the same...I was gonna order the 23 pitch to get the wot down hopefully... but that is on hold till I get a little more education on the matter...I would prefer aluminum over ss due to strikes in our area...but 23 seems to be tops in alum Solas 4 blades...I also feel 23 would get my wot r's in range.. given a 400 rpm drop happening by going from 21 to 23 pitch..."chime in...anyone?...the engine seems to be happy and under no load at all with this set-up...almost like you 're overpowering the prop maybe...I'm green on sterndrive...but damn I like this boat...even propped wrong....or right...idk...there's some smart peeps here...we'll get it....I'm confident....Bill
 

achris

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Thanks Chris...they are Solas Amita's...2 questions...if I find a 3 blade Laser II..pitch would be?...and will a Yamaha/Evinrude prop fit my Alpha 1?...all I have close to me is a Yamaha/Evinrude dealer...Thanks again...Bill

Edit..the Alpha 4 aluminum is not available in 19 according to my findings...will 20 pitch be too much...or go to 18...

Quite right, the Alpha 4 is only in even numbered pitch...I would try the 20". As for the difference in 3 and 4. I also agree that the 4 blade is so much a nicer/smoother propeller. BUT.... it is LESS efficient. As for the difference between Solas and Merc props, I'll deal with that in my answer to jestor. (You'll find it interesting)... Oh, and you can't use a Yammy or 'rude prop on a Merc, splines are different... (They are also not as good a props... IMHO)....

Not sure if I'm hijacking this thread...
But I'm actually not certain what the pitch was on my 1.84--might have been 19". Either way, the way I'm propped now with a 1.98 gives me similar top speed and WOT RPMs as the prior setup. My question was more hypothetical. That is, at a given engine rpm, is there a difference in performance between using a higher ratio/bigger prop v. a lower ratio/lower prop? The bigger prop is spinning faster, so maybe more inefficient if the slip stays the same--but IDK if that's true or not. Or put another way, is there any disadvantage to using a different drive ratio if you're able to size the prop such that you get recommended WOT rpms (and therefore the same engine load)?

For the same engine revs, the higher reduction ratio/higher pitch prop will be spinning slower, not faster. That will make it more efficient. As for using different ratios and different props that keep the revs in the recommended range. It's personal... But I can say the following...

My previous engine was a 1994, 4.3LX with a 1.84:1 drive ratio. With a 21" prop that boat was fantastic. Handled well, accelerated brilliantly and topped out at 40 knots... Loved that drive/prop set up.... Fast forward to 2006. Sold the LX and dropped an MPI in. It came with a 1.62:1 drive... Sold all my 3 and 4 blade SS props from the 1.84 and bought a bunch of SS and ali props for the 1.65. Now needs a 17", and I can feel the difference and I really want my high pitch props back!!!

I think that if you talk to the engineers at Honda, Yamaha, and some other OEM manufacturers (who trust Solas to make their props), you will hear different opinions concerning the design, quality, and efficiency of Solas props.

2 reasons... It's about the money and not giving Merc the satisfaction of acknowledging the superiority of their props. Solas props do have a higher level of polish on them, so they LOOK higher quality... Example. Have a friend who bought a new boat. Had a V8 in it and he was running a 17" 3 blade ali Merc prop. He wanted a SS, and being a cheap bastard, bought the Solas, as it was half the price... But he needed a 23" to keep the revs down to what the 17" Merc prop had them at. I loaned him one of my 4 blade SS props, a 17" 'Offshore' (Merc prop now replaced by the 'Vensura' series) and the revs were exactly the same as the 23" Solas.... Now, you tell me which one is not efficient....

No hi-jack nola...but yea,great question...my thoughts exactly...I was thinking that maybe you can put the v-6 unit behind a v-8,but you may have trouble going the other way...v-8 unit behind a v-6...IDK...lol....but I'm learning lots here and feel I'm getting the right info ...kinda...sorta..and that doubt being directed at what jestor68 stated....Solas seems to be in a lot of places and you do get lots of review info if you search...I'd say my findings have been neutral...which leads me to ask the same type question as jester...how?...they are sold here and I own 2 of um...the quality looks great but my knowledge on performance of anything sterndrive is minimal at best...but Chris is dead on with my scenario...and he's never been on my boat...so I respect his knowledge and info given...that's exactly what it seems like...more slip than bite..especially when planing....if I ease the throttle up... it planes much better over the other set-up...effortless almost ...smooth....no vibration...compared to the 3 blade set-up...but until it lays flat the slip seems to be a bit high....much like cavitation would be if you trim to high...although it's tucked all the way under and is not venting...the results were the same if you left the trim neutral to the boat bottom...no negative tuck...all I seen different planing at this setting was higher bow lift...but the "slip" seemed the same...I was gonna order the 23 pitch to get the wot down hopefully... but that is on hold till I get a little more education on the matter...I would prefer aluminum over ss due to strikes in our area...but 23 seems to be tops in alum Solas 4 blades...I also feel 23 would get my wot r's in range.. given a 400 rpm drop happening by going from 21 to 23 pitch..."chime in...anyone?...the engine seems to be happy and under no load at all with this set-up...almost like you 're overpowering the prop maybe...I'm green on sterndrive...but damn I like this boat...even propped wrong....or right...idk...there's some smart peeps here...we'll get it....I'm confident....Bill

Hey Bill... I guess you've read my replies above and that pretty much covers your questions... I hope... :D If you want a 4 blade ali, try the Alpha 4 in either 18" (better hole-shot, but could take you a bit over the top on revs) or the 20" (may leave you a bit shy on top revs, and will feel a bit 'doggish' after the lively feel of the shorter props).

As for putting a V8 drive behind a V6 engine.... In a very small light boat you would do that to use a shorter prop if the prop on the 'standard' ratio drive was too tall to find in the normal sort of propellers available.

Chris........
 

Tail_Gunner

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

I think that if you talk to the engineers at Honda, Yamaha, and some other OEM manufacturers (who trust Solas to make their props), you will hear different opinions concerning the design, quality, and efficiency of Solas props.

Dunno what's going on but Jestor is quite right....Solas prop's are amoung the best made out there. Now if your talking about heavy boat's and offshore applications and slipping on a HR Titan (high rake) hoping for top results...well wrong prop for that application.
 

achris

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

....Solas prop's are amoung the best made out there. ....

ROFLMAO... really!

So why does it take a 23" Solas prop to keep the revs down to the same as a 17" Merc prop, that actually pushes the boat faster? Yes I saw the results first hand..... And why do all the high performance racing and endurance boats use Merc props? If that doesn't prove, beyond all reasonable doubt, that the Solas is so much more inefficient, then what do I have to do to convince you?
 

WSKIPPER

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

Very good points Chris...I agree that sometimes quality and performance can be less important to large companies such as...and yea...cheaper sells for the most part on anything,but quality and performance will be the cost of that...I found a used alum alpha 4 at a good price...I'll try and make the deal this week and will post the results with the Merc brand as you recommend...I'm gonna try the 20 pitch just for the sake of touching the over-rev at wot...I laughed quite hard at this one...quote... "being a cheap bastard, bought the Solas, as it was half the price"...have we met somewhere...lol...."And why do all the high performance racing and endurance boats use Merc props? "....another valid point as well...Thanks for the training here..I'll keep you updated on my results...Bill
 

jestor68

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

He's listening to someone else, so whatever results we mention won't matter.

Here are my results on my 23ft 4000 lb boat.

With the original Mercury Black Max prop, I was getting a 9 % slip; not bad. :)

When I tested several (3) different Solas props, all but one resulted in a 9 % slip. The other one did 10%.

That's all I have to say. So much for Solas props sucking canal water. :sleeping:
 
Last edited:

achris

More fish than mountain goat
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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

He's listening to someone else, so whatever results we mention won't matter.

Here are my results on my 23ft 4000 lb boat.

With the original Mercury Black Max prop, I was getting a 9 % slip; not bad. :)

When I tested several (4) different Solas props, all but one resulted in a 7 % slip. The other one did 9%.

That's all I have to say. So much for Solas props sucking canal water. :sleeping:

I don't know how you're calculating slip, but those figures, all of them, are so far wrong it's laughable. The accepted slip for a boat that size is around 15-20%. A small, light runabout has a slip figure of around 10%, at very best...

A better figure to use than slip is the angle of attack of the prop in the water. Ideal is 4? (+/- 1?). I am yet to see a Solas produce anything less than 10?.... Fact!

Post the revs, boat speed, prop pitch and diameter and the drive ratio and let me run them through my AoA calculator.... I'll post the results so everybody can see them.... (and don't go fabricating any :D)

Chris.......
 

jestor68

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Re: Educate me again on prop efficiency

The slip results come from the BAM slip calculator.

The fact that you consider my boat's excellent performance laughable is no concern to me.

For the record, I did not suggest that Solas props were better than Mercury props. My testing indicates they are as good; and a better value since they cost on average $30- $50 less in the aluminum category.

The fact is they equaled the Merc prop in efficiency and every one runs smoother than the original Merc prop.

My boat has a CAT hull, which might help account for it's pretty good numbers.
 
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