An alternator keeps the vehicle's battery charged and helps power the vehicle's various electrical systems by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
To test an alternator by disconnecting the battery you simply remove the negative battery cable from the battery's terminal with the engine running. If the vehicle's engine stutters or stalls, the vehicle's alternator is likely malfunctioning.
A failing alternator is a serious mechanical issue that needs to be fixed immediately or it will leave you stranded.
Although not recommended in modern vehicles due to risk of damaging the complex electrical and computer systems, there is an easy method to quickly narrow down your electrical problems to alternator failure. fyi do it at your own risk. i have never ever had a problem. so do as you will.