I did that, too. In my case, I had a defective, cheap torque wrench. I had to take the housing off to get at it. There was enough of a stub sticking out that I was able to file a slot in the remains of the screw and back it out with a flat blade screwdriver. I found a screw that fit as a replacement ( I have a vague recollection that it was metric, but it's been a while and I don't remember completely). I ultimately ordered OEM replacement screws because the ones I put in were not stainless, and I did not want them to rust in place. The temporary replacement screw that I used was in there for a season, and it came out just fine as I was doing my between season maintenance work six months later.
I don't think it would have been possible to get it out without pulling the pump housing.