Sure you can...use the thin stuff without any rubber backing. It's all synthetic now anyway. I used the highpriced marine store bunk material, but I only need 1 roll..$18. That would buy a lot of indoor/outdoor carpet.
From a flooring installer. Go to your local carpet dealer (not the big stores HD/Lowes,they sub out) and look in there dumpster.I dont think your boat will mind.