My initial 'watch point' for an impeller is the water spraying out the sides of the muffs. Observe how much is coming out when the engine isn't running, then watch as the engine starts and see if there's a noticeable drop in that volume. That means the impeller is pushing water. It doesn't tell you WHERE it's pushing that water, it just says yep, impeller pumping...
And no, water will never go passed a good impeller when it's not turning. The way an impeller works is the blades act as valves for 6 chambers with a dynamic volume. As the chamber expands the 'inlet' port is exposed and water is drawn in by the lower pressure within the expanding chamber. When the chamber reaches maximum volume, the blade is passed the inlet port and effectively closed and the outlet port is now exposed and the chamber begins getting smaller, pushing the water out, through the outlet port of the impeller housing.. and then the cycle repeats... But when the impeller is stopped, at least 3 of those chambers are between inlet and outlet ports and water would have to push the blades off the sides of the housing to get passed... And that doesn't happen...
Chris.