These easy drain systems are great when new, but over time they have some real issues. IMO wish they never would have developed, but I digress
The primes is restrictors and check balls allows everything to fill with water, and those restrictions cause water to flow in the correct directions (water flows to the area of LEAST restrictions).
The issue is when things get more restricted or less then water flows other directions.
This is what I think is going on.
Item 20 is a Tee which is used to create a slight restriction so water will flow easier toward the bottom of the manifolds. It does allow air to escape and fill with water so elbows are full.
When thermostat opens this allows more water out thru the mans then up thru the elbows.
The check balls item 10 in lower pic is there to seal off any water going up thru when motor is running. This keeps cooling in the block and the mans and stops cooler water from just escaping out thru mans. If the check balls get to the point they do not seal shut then more water passes by them and not going to the block
The check balls are there for easy winterization
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Suggest get something to clamp off the hoses (item 3) going up to each manifold so water can not pass. Then take for a run and see if temps change