Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

skydiveD30571

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New issue so bear with me on this one. A little background first.

VP 5.0GL-H mfg 9/06 carbed, no prior maintenance history except evidence that it was not taken care of (interior issues, no tune ups, etc)

Ran perfect last year with no issues, put it up over the winter then got it out in march, changed plugs and tried spraying the carb with carb cleaner since there was black residue on the choke plate. That's when problems began:

boggy idle, irratic idle speed, excessive drop in rpm when shifting into gear

No starting issues whatsoever. Always cold started fantastic, and hot started great as well. Performs flawless throughout the rpm range with no hesitation or stumbling at all. The only performance issues I have ever had have been at idle.

Put in new cap/rotor/wires since it had never been done. The coil-to-cap wire in my kit was too short so I had to keep the old one on there. Have not checked timing but plan on it next week.

The mechanic didn't have time to really adjust the carb, but I fired it up for him before he left and he said my idle issues were from having a mixture that was too lean. He looked into the compartment real quick and noticed that the starboard idle mixture cap is removed, and that screw had been adjusted. The port screw cap was still in place so it had never been moved. Also, the 4 bolts on the fuel bowl have the red paint stripped off indicating someone has gotten in there before. Seems like someone previously tried fixing (or covering up) a carb problem.

He backed out the exposed idle mixture screw and it really seemed to help the idle characteristics. He said to see how that works, and if it still needs work we can do a more proper adjustment later. Once on the water i gave the speed screw a little adjustment and it idled really well all weekend, right at 700rpm in neutral and 600-650rpm in gear. It'll idle all day right there.

But a new problem started this weekend. The first start (cold) was normal and we headed out to a cove. I might mention that it was windy and we had some big swells we were running with all the way there. Anchored down and hung out for 3-4 hours. When tried to start, it would not catch. I tried the cold starting procedure and it would also not start. Eventually it started only if I placed the throttle wide open (much like clearing a flood). We came back to camp, and an hour later I tried again. Same thing. The next day, same deal. I tried pumping it while cranking to see if it just needed some gas. Negative. Once again, if I put it at wot it would start up after 7 or 8 seconds of cranking. If I shut the engine off, then immediately cranked it, it starts right up no problem. That evening, starting issues took less time to show up. What I mean by that is, if the engine had to be off for an hour during the day to have trouble starting, that evening it would have trouble if left off for 10-15 minutes. During the day it was 100+ degrees, and during the evening I'd say was around 80-85. During these starts, it would turn over, and idle would bog down from 700rpm to about 400rpm, then over the next 15 seconds it would steady out at 700 and have no problems staying there. Otherwise it ran great.

The first thing I checked at home was the choke. It has never been touched and is set at the factory setting of 5 notches lean. I do notice a smell of gas in the engine compartment, strongest right around the carb. There is no liquid of any kind leaking anywhere. Before messing with the carb, I decided to check the ignition components. New cap is still clean, plug wires all connected. I started pulling the plugs, which are about 3 months old now with few hours on them. They are ngk tr55gp "G-Power" plugs which an autozone guy apparently cross matched to the originals but I can't confirm that is actually true. I know these have a heat rating of 5 and the ac delcos that I believe were original had a heat rating of 4. Pulled all 8 plugs, and every one of them had a film of oil on the threads....only the threads....the electrodes were dry but blackish colored. The old plugs that were pulled in march had no liquid on them, but were black on the threads and electrodes.

So my question is, being that only the idle mixture in 1 jet was adjusted prior to starting issues showing up, are the two related in any way, or is it just coincidence? Like I mentioned, someone has removed the fuel bowl before, but since it runs great all the time now except startup, and has never had issues outside of idle, I find it hard to believe it could be a bowl problem. As for the bogging idle only on a semi-cold start, does that sound flooding related? Like when the engine is off, the carb is slowly flooding so after a few hours I have to clear it out, but after 15 minutes its not bad enough to keep from starting, but it idles irratic and unstable until that fuel exits the carb? Just throwing out guesses here. Every mechanic around is atleast 3 weeks out, so I'm trying to go thru the list and check things myself. But some guidance on what to check would be very helpful.
 

Maclin

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

If it is a Holley carb then I bet the power valve is leaking, that will send fuel from the bowl directly into the intake and give all the symptoms you describe of hard starting. Power valves have a rubber diaphragm that can rupture from a back fire thu the carb, also the housing itself can corrode from too harsh of fuel degradation or carb cleaner fuel additives getting to it and the diaphragm will lose sealing. The diaphragm is also sensitive to too harsh of carb cleaner or other fuel additives. Spraying carb cleaner on the outside would probably not get to the power valvle, but additives can.

If it is a Weber or Quadrajet those have brass well plugs that were just epoxied in, those can begin to leak and fuel will get into the intake directly from the carb fuel bowl.

Time for a carb rebuild probably.
 

skydiveD30571

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

It is a Holley carb. 2300 2 barrel.

I was hoping it would be an adjustment thing, but it doesn't sound that way. Do carb rebuild kits come with a new diaphram? So it's just coincidence that the first ever starting problems began the day after I adjusted the idle mixture? I've learned by now that this happens ALOT with boats, just trying to confirm.

Any ideas on the oil on the plug threads?

Edit: Found this tech article on the Holley sight. It says 2300 carbs built after 1992 utilize a check ball to basically eliminate blowing a power valve diaphram due to a backfire. I also dont think I've ever had a backfire.

http://www.holley.com/data/TechService/Technical/power_valves.pdf
 

Maclin

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

The kits come with a powervalve but it is usually not the right one for a Marine carb. Yours would need a 2.5 or 3.5, you can buy those separately. Automotive apps use 8.5's generally.

The backfire is just one scenario for failure. Their lifespan depends on things like the gasoline and how long they sit at a time in the off season. Sometimes they just get crud in them and can't stay closed, that kind of thing.

Float level too high can cause similar symptoms, but the fuel comes out the fuel vent tubes and other places up high in the carb, and you can see it. A leaking power valve is all down low and comes out a vacuum port on the carb base, you cannot see any fuel leaking thru the carb throat.

When the idle is low and the engine is stumbling then it clears out is classic flooding. Hard starting after sitting a bit and needing to hold throttle open is classic flooding. Sitting overnite sometimes lets the fuel dissipate and will start ok but a plug or two can be wetfouled for a minute or two.

The film on the threads may be fuel and oil mix. The leaked fuel from the powervalve will just run down the sides of the ports and onto the cylinder walls, and onto plug threads. If it is a lot of fuel then it can wash the oil off the cylinder walls. A whole lot and it will leak past the rings and into the oil. This will cause a gasoline smell on the dipstick, and also raise the oil level if it is a lot. And we can all imagine what happens to an engine with oil that has fuel/solvent mixed in.

If your dipstick smells of gasoline then you have a big carb leak into the intake manifold. And if you cannot see fuel leaking it is most likely internal in the carb and most likely culprit there is the powervalve.
 

skydiveD30571

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

Thanks Maclin. You obviously have a great deal of knowledge about carbs and I've never even seen inside one before. So it's a new animal to me. I will start with the dipstick, then move on to the float level and looking for visible fuel, then to a carb makeover it sounds like.

You mention fuel from a leaking power valve comes out a vacuum port. Would an issue here cause intake vacuum problems, possibly lower vacuum or a slightly fluttering needle on a vacuum gauge?

I guess it's surprising to me that a carb from 2006 would have issues already, but I know that really depends on what has gone thru it and what kind of care it has been given. If I had the time I would like to do a rebuild anyways, just to eliminate that from the equation and know it is in proper condition. I have the service manual, and heard Holley sends good instructions, but that sure is a ton of little parts and adjustments that need to be done correctly.

Edit to add: Just read that on Holley carbs, the float bowl needs to be removed to change the power valve. I wonder if that's why it appears the bowl has been removed before.... not having maintenance records sucks.
 

Maclin

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

You mention fuel from a leaking power valve comes out a vacuum port. Would an issue here cause intake vacuum problems, possibly lower vacuum or a slightly fluttering needle on a vacuum gauge?

The vacuum readings would not be affected by that. The power valve has dedicated circuits for vacuum sensing and fuel dump.

The power valve opens when the vacuum drops below the rating of the power valve, the rating tells how much vacuum is needed to keep it closed. Vacuum drops when an engine is placed under load and needs more fuel enrichment to maintain power (hence the name power valve), then the power valve opens and dumps more fuel in the mix.

Marine engines are under load most of the time so their carbs use a lower number power valve. In the auto world anywhere from 8.5 to 11.5 or higher are available to tune for power versus economy. In the Marine world numbers like 2.5 or 3.5 are more the norm as a richer mixture must be maintained.
 

skydiveD30571

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

For some reason, my carb does not have a sight hole on the fuel bowl to adjust the float. So I pulled off the fuel bowl. Of course I don't know what was in the bowl since it poured out the 2 bottom bolts while taking it off. The float is actually on the low side. If I hold the bowl inverted, the float rests higher than parallel to the bowl ceiling. It's my understanding that it needs to be parallel, and I'd like to simply make the changes with the adjustment nut on the exterior of the bowl, but I can't get the damn anti-tamper cap off to adjust it. I also can't get one of the idle mixture anti-tamper caps off. Any ideas how to do that?

I also pulled the metering block off to look at the power valve. The collection of numbers and letters stamped on it are:
F 0
6 5

with F in the top left corner, 0 in the top right, etc. Does that mean I have a 6.5 valve? Maclin thats definitely higher than what you guessed it would be. I have no idea if it is the original valve or not.
 

Maclin

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

The newer ones like yours may be tuned like that regarding the power valve, I just know pre-2000's were definitely richer. I would want to look up the spec from Holley based on the number on the airhorn.

Regarding setting the fuel float, from one of your earlier pics from the "pcv" thread it looks to me like that model of carb does not have an external float adjustment. If it does then there will be a brass plug on the side of the bowl, and the needle and seat assembly threads in from the top of the fuel bowl on the same side as the fuel inlet. The top of the needle seat assembly has a rectangular section that the adjust nut fits over and the very top of it is threaded and the locking nut screws down on top of the adjusting nut. Thare are gaskets and o-rings that keep all the fuel inside. You loosen the locking nut, then move the adjusting nut until fuel just begins to run out that hole, then sock down the locking nut.

If it does not have an external adjustment then parallel to the top of the bowl is all you can do. There is also a tang that keeps the float from dropping too far, that would let the needle come out or get crooked and hang.

By the way you describe the tamper-proofing, what you are looking at there sounds more like the idle air/fuel mix adjustment.

Do you have any more pics of the front and top and sides of the carb, especially hi-liting the fuel inlet area?
 

Maclin

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

Skydive, I was just thinking about Holley carbs (aging and senile hot-rodder here) and realized I meant to say the power valve on the Marine engines need to be a lower vacuum threshold number so they won't just stay open and dump fuel into the stream. Too high of a number and the engine will get the enrichment too soon. So in effect the higher numbers are "richer', and I believe the 6.5 in yours is more than likely not stock and under load would dump fuel too soon especially at lower engine speeds than needed.

Should you find yourself in a quest for power valve situation there are some speed shops in Wichita that should have an assortment of the power valves, take yours along as not all of them are the same configuration regarding length of threads. I bought a 3.5 at an O'Reilly's from their "Holley" wall of performance carb parts. That was in McPherson! so I am sure you can find one in Wichita, that favorite hot-rod town of mine... :)

My carb is specced out to have a 2.5, but the 3.5 seems to be close enough. I could have ordered a 2.5 from that store then, or even got one online but I was pretty sure the 3.5 would work, and I have had no problems running that one.

Post back with how your are faring with all this.
 

skydiveD30571

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

Maclin you are correct I did some research after posting that and it is a fuel bowl without external adjustment. What i thought was a anti-tamper cap is just a cap pressed in to seal that hole since there is no adjustment hardware.

I'm trying to find out how to adjust this float. I doubt a slightly low fuel level is causing my problems, but I'd like it to be right.

There is still an anti-tamper cap over one of the mixture screws still that I cant seem to get off. Until then I can't properly set the mixture ( which is more than a little annoying).

Just to recap, if I am leaking fuel into the intake, causing a rich mixture and slow flooding, it would only be from the fuel bowl or power valve or correct? And the fuel bowl leaking should be apparent because it would be seeping out from above the throttle plates, and this would be caused mainly by the needle not seating properly and the bowl fills up? And the power valve would be impossible to spot and would basically just need replaced? I also read that a faulty pump which has too much pressure can fill the bowl up too. Is that possible? It would sure be nice to have a sight plug to see the fuel level while running...
 

skydiveD30571

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

Thanks for the replies Maclin. I was just in McPherson last week to visit a buddy of mine!

I plan on going to the lake today and just dealing with it, since it runs great once its started. But when I get back I'm gonna grab numbers off the carb and give Holley a call and see what they recommend. I don't know if the power valve is stock, but since the fuel bowl was once removed but the carb has never been removed, its possible someone replaced the stock one for whatever reason. What a pain it is to not know prior maintenance.

I walked around the drive with it idling in the driveway yesterday to look at the work I had just done to it. I definitely notice a richer exhaust smell than I used to. There's no smoke, and never has been to my knowledge, but I seem to remember never really smelling any fumes last year. But now it is pretty strong about 5 feet behind the drive.
 

Maclin

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

If it is idling ok and runs ok then rich is good, keeps the engine and exhaust cooler, but the plugs can foul sooner. Just let it get up and go a bunch, that will keep the plugs from fouling (if they are trying to).

Good luck, and have fun!

Oh, mine stinks it up pretty good in the driveway after a few minutes too.

"I love the smell of a Holley in the morning"... Robert DuVall.
 

skydiveD30571

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

We just went to eldorado for half the day yesterday. Nice and close to home, but the underwater trees really tick me off!

When I backed the trailer into the water I climbed in to start it up. Hadn't been ran for over 24 hours. Normally I do the cold start procedure, but I figured what the heck, and just turned the key and cranked it. It started right up. The idle was surging/bogging from 700 down to 400 and back up pretty consistently, but I noticed as soon as I give it a little bit of gas, just to get over 1000rpm or so, and back it off, it idled great right at 700-750.

Went cruising around then swimming, had it off for 15 minutes or so. Started it up, same exact thing. Went to party cove after that, and it was off for several hours. When we were ready to leave, I tried just cranking it again. It fired up after 2-3 seconds. I was still tied up at that point, so I gave it a little gas in neutral just to bring the rpm up over 1000 then let off and it idled great.

Its pretty hot here, over 100 everyday for a week now, so is it just warm enough that the engine isn't "cold"? I figured after 24 hours it would need to be choke started, always has before. Maybe last week I was flooding it by trying to choke start it when it didn't need it? Either way, I can't imagine enough fuel would be in the engine after 24 hours of sitting to have a rich enough mixture to start it. Maybe that does mean theres a slight leak?

Also, why would giving it slight throttle help the idle settle out? If it's slightly too rich and stumbling, wouldn't giving it a little throttle make it worse by being richer? Or maybe with the throttle plates opening up enough to let some air in and balance out the mixture. Any ideas? I would like it to run properly, so I'm almost scared to mess with it since I can deal with what its doing now.
 

Maclin

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

Mine starts right up with no thottle after more than a week or two, I only need to do the cold start procedure if it has been a month or so.

As you surmised, giving it some throttle gets more air in and that is what clears a too rich conditon, even when more gas comes in from the accellerator pump.

I think you are good to go for the season. At the end of the season look at the plugs.

After more reading I think a 3.5 or 4.5 power valve is to spec, but your 6.5 is ok for now as the main thing was to be sure the power valve was not breached.
 

skydiveD30571

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

Good to hear! I'd like to properly set the idle mixture if I could ever get that cap off. But besides that I doubt I'll mess with it. Over the winter season I plan on doing a carb rebuild just so I know its in good condition. Until then, I don't mind giving her a little throttle during start up.

Maybe I always had to choke start it often because the previous owner had it running so lean that it constantly needed a richer mixture? Thanks as always Maclin. Hope you're enjoying the (I assume) much better weather and water down there in texas.
 

Maclin

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

Not as hot down here, and in my vicinity the lakes are about normal level, or just a little low. More humid though, and not as much wind (or any sometimes!). Have a good season :)
 

Maclin

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Re: Can too rich idle mixture cause carb flooding, oil on plug threads?

Interesting sidebar: I was planning to take the boat there to El Dorado this weekend, kind of an impromptu family event and swap some kids and grandkids, cousins, nieces, nephews, around from here to there and back, but it did not work out :(
 
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