Mapping is the computers way of calculating the amount of fuel to be delivered through the injectors and the spark advance based on all the sensor inputs from the engine, and the engine's specifications programmed into the ECU. Those calculations are based on there being 350 cubic inches of swept volume, so the amount of fuel delivered would be too much for a 305, and may even be at the wrong time. And as these systems are 'open loop' (no oxygen sensors in the exhaust) there would be no way for the ECU to know the fuel delivery is incorrect. Also, the spark advance curve would be different. If it didn't destroy the 305, it would certainly not run particularly well.
Chris.......