Well, I guess that qualifies for a "It depends" answer. So, was the broken washer still in place, or had it gotten out and allowed the pinion to move upward? If the pinion has moved upward, I suppose the gear teeth could have been jumping.
However, I have to tell you that I can't believe those parts look good. I certainly would expect tooth wear or chipping if they have been jumping. As for the dog and gear, are you sure of what you are looking at? Most people have no idea how little wear on the contact faces will make it jump out of gear.
In any case, you now have the parts in hand and you are the guy that has to decide. All I can tell you is that anything less than perfect is just asking for failure down the road.