Sounds interesting. A lot of people do up their car/truck dashboards and door trims with vinyl. I don't know much about it, but I would try and find out how that stuff holds up in the weather.
Is there a function, other than pure aesthetics, that you're considering this? Carbon fiber appearance sounds like something that might get pretty warm to me.
On my old boat there are lots of rounded bends in the aluminum tubing. That would make the job a PITA for me. If you have mostly straight runs where its easy to access all the sides you want to wrap, I say go for it. The worst that could happen is one tube gets scratched from things rubbing on it and you feel the need to peel all of it off to keep it from looking strange. ... But I do suspect the wrap will have a lifetime measured in a few years.
Depending on the exact quality of the material you buy it can last a long time. You can also buy it online for a pretty reasonable price, so just buy a small amount and see what it looks like installed.