Re: Bow light
No, what I'm saying is that I hooked the hot wire from the switch up to the hot wire on the light and then put the red lead from the tester on the two connecting wires then I touched the negative wire from the switch with the negative lead from the tester and I had 12 volts. I then connected the negative wire from the switch to the negative wire from the light and again touched them with the negative lead from the tester, I then get no reading on the tester.
Switches do not generally have a "negative lead." But as Silvertip indicates, something is funky with your test light procedure.
I would jumper the light from a battery to prove that the bulb and light socket are functioning, and then find the wiring problem if they work. Also, test your power at the bulb socket not at the switch! IF there is no power at the socket, then test the wires working your way back to the switch.
If your switch has four, or five terminals it is because nav light switches for small craft turn on the all-around white light in one position and the all-around white light AND bow red/green light in the other position since the white light has to be illuminated whether underway or anchored. (The switch may have two other terminals if it is a lighted switch: one for the power to the light when the gauge lights are on, and the negative terminal for the switch's light. BUT THAT IS NOT A NEGATIVE "LEAD.")
DC voltage is very straightforward but you have to decide what variable to control before you explore a failure. Prove the bulb works (that is then your first controlled variable) > prove the bulb works in the socket (2nd variable controlled) > prove the wiring pigtails to the socket work > prove the switch controls the power (on/off; meter shows voltage when switch is moved to "on' and voltage goes to zero when switch is turned off) > prove the ground (negative) is connected to the negative and the neg's are bonded {end}
There ain't nothing else to fail; that is your circuit and the solution to the equation is in there somewhere.
Hope this helps.