I'm going to try this again now that I have more info and pictures - hopefully I can find an answer.
The problem is that it is leaking through the keel strip. Underneath the boat, there is the keel strip that is riveted along the keel from front to back. The front part, as you can see in the pictures, has the rivets closer together and has a gasket or sealer in-between to keep out the water. There is no leaking in this part. The rear part is not water-tight, and is not meant to be. So, in-between the front and rear parts, on the inside of the keel strip, is some kind of putty or something that was meant to divide the two and keep the water out of the front part. This is where it's leaking, through the putty. The water comes inside the boat at the part that is highlighted white on the floor, at the start of where it's cut out (see other photo). The existing putty is a few inches back from the start of the cut-out.
So, my question is: What can I use to plug the hole? The groove is at least 3/4" x 3/4", probably more. What was this putty that was originally used when they built the boat? Is there a newer product that would work better? I'm guessing it would have to be somewhat flexible.
Photos:
Underneath: notice the difference in the rivets... the front section (with rivets closer together and a gasket/sealer) is watertight, the rear section (with rivets farther apart) is not. On the inside of this keel strip, there is some putty between the rear and front sections to keep the water from flowing into the front section. Water is leaking through this putty.
Here is the inside of the boat. The water comes in at the area highlighted white. I didn't put the boat in for long, but the leak is substantial enough that I wouldn't want to go anywhere with it:
So, big question, what kind of putty or whatever else can I use to plug the inside of the keel strip?